Hi, Roland and I ran into a crashing condition for knotd 2.6.[689], presumably caused by a race condition in the threaded use of PKCS #11 sessions. We use a commercial, replicated, networked HSM and not SoftHSM2. WORKAROUND: We do have a work-around with "conf-set server.background-workers 1" so this is not a blocking condition for us, but handling our ~1700 zones concurrency would be add back later. PROBLEM DESCRIPTION: Without this work-around, we see crashes quite reliably, on a load that does a number of zone-set/-unset commands, fired by sequentialised knotc processes to a knotd that continues to fire zone signing concurrently. The commands are generated with the knot-aware option -k from ldns-zonediff, https://github.com/SURFnet/ldns-zonediff ANALYSIS: Our HSM reports errors that look like a session handle is reused and then repeatedly logged into, but not always, so it looks like a race condition on a session variable, 27.08.2018 11:48:59 | [00006AE9:00006AEE] C_Login | E: Error CKR_USER_ALREADY_LOGGED_IN occurred. 27.08.2018 11:48:59 | [00006AE9:00006AEE] C_GetAttributeValue | E: Error CKR_USER_NOT_LOGGED_IN occurred. 27.08.2018 11:48:59 | [00006AE9:00006AED] C_Login | E: Error CKR_USER_ALREADY_LOGGED_IN occurred. 27.08.2018 11:48:59 | [00006AE9:00006AED] C_GetAttributeValue | E: Error CKR_USER_NOT_LOGGED_IN occurred. 27.08.2018 11:49:01 | [00006AE9:00006AED] C_Login | E: Error CKR_USER_ALREADY_LOGGED_IN occurred. 27.08.2018 11:49:01 | [00006AE9:00006AED] C_Login | E: Error CKR_USER_ALREADY_LOGGED_IN occurred. 27.08.2018 11:49:01 | [00006AE9:00006AED] C_GetAttributeValue | E: Error CKR_USER_NOT_LOGGED_IN occurred. 27.08.2018 11:49:02 | [00006AE9:00006AEE] C_Login | E: Error CKR_USER_ALREADY_LOGGED_IN occurred. 27.08.2018 11:49:03 | [00006AE9:00006AEE] C_Login | E: Error CKR_USER_ALREADY_LOGGED_IN occurred. 27.08.2018 11:55:50 | [0000744C:0000744E] C_Login | E: Error CKR_USER_ALREADY_LOGGED_IN occurred. These errors stopped being reported with the work-around configured. Until that time, we have crashes, of which the following dumps one: Thread 4 "knotd" received signal SIGABRT, Aborted. [Switching to Thread 0x7fffcd1bd700 (LWP 27375)] 0x00007ffff6967428 in __GI_raise (sig=sig@entry=6) at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/raise.c:54 54 ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/raise.c: No such file or directory. (gdb) bt #0 0x00007ffff6967428 in __GI_raise (sig=sig@entry=6) at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/raise.c:54 #1 0x00007ffff696902a in __GI_abort () at abort.c:89 #2 0x00007ffff69a97ea in __libc_message (do_abort=do_abort@entry=2, fmt=fmt@entry=0x7ffff6ac2ed8 "*** Error in `%s': %s: 0x%s ***\n") at ../sysdeps/posix/libc_fatal.c:175 #3 0x00007ffff69b237a in malloc_printerr (ar_ptr=, ptr=, str=0x7ffff6ac2fe8 "double free or corruption (out)", action=3) at malloc.c:5006 #4 _int_free (av=, p=, have_lock=0) at malloc.c:3867 #5 0x00007ffff69b653c in __GI___libc_free (mem=) at malloc.c:2968 #6 0x0000555555597ed3 in ?? () #7 0x00005555555987c2 in ?? () #8 0x000055555559ba01 in ?? () #9 0x00007ffff7120338 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liburcu.so.4 #10 0x00007ffff6d036ba in start_thread (arg=0x7fffcd1bd700) at pthread_create.c:333 #11 0x00007ffff6a3941d in clone () at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/clone.S:109 DEBUGGING HINTS: Our suspicion is that you may not have set the mutex callbacks when invoking C_Initialize() on PKCS #11, possibly due to the intermediate layers of abstraction hiding this from view. This happens more often. Then again, the double free might pose another hint. This is on our soon-to-go-live platform, so I'm afraid it'll be very difficult to do much more testing, I hope this suffices for your debugging! I hope this helps Knot DNS to move forward! -Rick